Purple Urine Bag Syndrome: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Etiology, Epidemiology, and Management Strategies

Purple Urine Bag Syndrome [PUBS] is a rare but striking phenomenon observed in patients with long-term urinary catheterization. Despite its generally benign nature, PUBS can be an indicator of underlying urinary tract infections and other health issues. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence on the etiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management of PUBS.A comprehensive literature search was conducted in multiple databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for studies published between 2013 and 2023. Both observational studies and case reports were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. The review included 12 studies [1 literature review, 1 observational study and 10 case reports/series].