Examining regional economic differences in Europe: The power of ANFIS analysis

The paper analyzes the interrelation between labour markets, demographic factors, and economic performance in Northern and Southeastern European countries during the period 2012–2023, using advanced ANFIS methodology. The aim of the study was to identify key differences between the developed countries of Northern Europe (Sweden, Norway, Finland) and the less developed countries of Southeastern Europe (Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania) and to pinpoint factors contributing to sustainable economic development. The research findings reveal significant differences in labour market structures, the impact of demographic factors, and resilience to macroeconomic shocks between the regions studied. Developed Northern European countries demonstrate high productivity levels, labour market stability, and resistance to inflation, while less developed Southeastern European countries are characterized by greater sensitivity to inflation and a higher dependency on low wages. The analysis highlights the need for structural reforms and increased investment in human capital and technology in less developed countries to reduce their reliance on volatile factors and foster sustainable growth. This paper contributes to understanding the complex relationships between labour markets, demographic factors, and economic performance and provides guidance for formulating effective public policies within the European Union.