Uso de herramientas de balanceo de clases para la mejora del desempeño de modelos de clasificación en la estimación de la hora de la demanda eléctrica máxima

Estimating the time of occurrence of the maximum electrical demand is useful to establish the magnitude of the electrical generation required to satisfy it, to establish differentiated rates to “flatten” the load curve, among other reasons. This time of demand occurrence could belong to daytime or nighttime, with a clear imbalance towards the latter. The objective of this research is to improve the performance of forecast models for the time of occurrence of maximum electrical demand by applying tools for class balance. We worked with historical data from a South American country from the period 2021-2024, and support vector machine and logistic regression algorithms are used to generate the classification models. The class balancing methods considered were SMOTE, SMOTE-NC, as well as the class weight adjustment argument of the machine learning algorithms themselves. For each algorithm, four models were generated: one with unbalanced classes, others with balanced classes with the weight adjustment argument, another using the SMOTE-NC method, and the fourth using the SMOTE method. As a result, it was obtained that the models in which the SMOTE-NC method was present had the greatest improvements in their performance metrics, which were: Accuracy, Precision, F1, and Recall.