Experimental study of syngas production from oil palm frond gasification based on bubble cap air distributor at low temperature

The use of sustainable gasification technology is proposed for managing palm oil waste and converting it into energy. This research aims to produce syngas using silica sand as a bed material, fluidized by heated air through a bubble cap design, ensuring uniform heat distribution for converting oil palm fronds. The gasification process at operating the low temperature, mass flow rate 0.3kg/h, the minimum fluidization velocity 0.018 m/s; pressure drop 1.18kPa, and equivalence ratio 0.32. The results demonstrate syngas production of 15.29–15.61 vol% hydrogen, 12.36–14.40 vol% carbon monoxide, carbon conversion efficiency of 54.74–71.97 %, cold gas efficiency of 53.57–79.53 %, and calorific value of 8.16–12.39 MJ/Nm³.