Protection System for High Voltage Electrical Appliances Against Over and Under Voltage Fluctuations

The instability of AC mains supply poses a significant threat to the integrity of industrial and household appliances, which are often costly and vulnerable to damage. Voltage fluctuations can lead to energy losses, reduced power factors, and decreased overall efficiency. Moreover, poor power quality can have a detrimental impact on expensive equipment, emphasizing the need for a reliable protection mechanism. The proposed system recognizes under-voltage situations arising from sudden load surges, system faults, or high source impedance due to loose connections. Conversely, over-voltage conditions are triggered by rapid load reductions in circuits with poor voltage regulation or faulty neutral wire connections. By establishing a protective threshold, the system classifies any voltage below the rated value as under-voltage and above as overvoltage, ensuring the safe operation of electrical appliances. The system can detect when the voltage exceeds or drops below predetermined limits, triggering the relay to trip.