Algorithm of Earthquake Emergency Risk Assessment Model Based on Signal Attenuation Model

China is a country with frequent earthquakes. Every year, disasters caused by earthquake activities occur. In this context, this study proposes a new earthquake emergency risk assessment algorithm based on signal attenuation model. The algorithm aims to improve the accuracy and efficiency of earthquake disaster warning by real-time tracking and analysis of earthquake signals. At the same time, the model can effectively track and analyze earthquake signals in real time. The study first constructed the theoretical basis of earthquake risk management, and on this basis, developed a set of earthquake emergency risk assessment models. The model includes three main parts: signal attenuation model, earthquake emergency signal identification and analysis, and comprehensive earthquake emergency risk assessment model. By quantitatively studying the attenuation characteristics of earthquake signals, a relationship model between signal energy attenuation and source distance was established. In addition, a travel time-based earthquake location method was proposed, and the location process was optimized by a grid search algorithm. The simulation experimental results show that the algorithm can accurately identify and locate earthquake signals under both noise-free and noise conditions, verifying the effectiveness and practicality of the algorithm. The results of this study are of great significance for improving the accuracy and efficiency of earthquake disaster warning.