Energy-Efficient and Reliable Patient Monitoring System Using BLE and LPWAN for Real-Time Health Applications

This study introduces a patient monitoring system that is both energy-efficient and reliable. The system utilizes connectionless wireless communication protocols, specifically Bluetooth Low Energy and Low-Power Wide-Area Network. The system's power optimization strategies for real-time health monitoring include adaptive duty cycling and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. Reliability is improved by hybrid solutions that integrate Automatic Repeat reQuest, Forward Error Correction, and time division multiple access. In comparison to conventional Wi-Fi and Zigbee systems, the system is evaluated with a packet loss rate of less than 1% and a 50% reduction in power consumption. Scalable remote monitoring applications with latency of 10ms and 100ms are enabled by the system's compatibility with both BLE and LPWAN.