When symptoms shape social ties: mental health as a predictor of online and in-person network evolution among gamers

Purpose This study aims to examine how mental health symptoms and social support predict changes in online and in-person social networks among gamers over time. Although research has explored how social networks influence mental health, less is known about how mental health shapes the evolution of social connections in gaming contexts where relationships can form and dissolve fluidly. Design/methodology/approach Adult gamers (n = 236) completed surveys at two time points approximately six months apart measuring mental health symptoms (depressive symptoms, anxiety), perceived social support and characteristics of both their in-person and gaming-based social networks. Partial least squares regression models examined how Time 1 mental health and support measures predicted changes in network characteristics while controlling for baseline network measures. Findings Results revealed distinct patterns of network evolution across contexts. Higher initial depressive symptoms predicted strengthening of in-person relationships but decreases in online relationship quality over time. Anxiety emerged as a particularly influential predictor of online network development, with higher baseline anxiety associated with decreased closeness, confiding behavior and positive interactions in gaming relationships. Strong initial gaming community integration predicted decreased quality of in-person relationships, suggesting potential competition between virtual and physical social spheres. Originality/value This study provides longitudinal examination of how mental health symptoms distinctly influence the evolution of social networks across online and offline contexts among gamers. The findings demonstrate that different symptoms show unique patterns of association with network development over time, challenging assumptions about gaming spaces serving as universally accessible social environments.