A Wideband M-Shaped Monopole Antenna for Future Level 5G Communication

An M-shaped monopole antenna has been designed for efficient 5G wireless and mobile communication applications operating between 2.2 GHz and 5.5 GHz. Addressing the need for compact and high-performance antennas, the design incorporates square split-ring resonators (SRRs) to achieve metamaterial characteristics. Fabricated on an FR4 substrate with dimensions of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$37 \times 26\times 1.6$</tex> mm, the antenna is analyzed and optimized using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. The metamaterial properties of the SRRs are evaluated through unit-cell analysis for permeability, permittivity, and refractive index, demonstrating significant performance improvements. The prototyped antenna shows strong correlation with simulation results, with enhanced gain as a key measure of improvement. Performance metrics achieved include accuracy of 98.45%, throughput of 97.84<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">%</sup>, recall of 96.54%, and sensitivity of 97.93%. These results highlight the antenna's suitability for modern 5G applications, providing a compact, efficient solution for high-speed communication systems. This module can be possible to use in upcoming technologies.