The role of biomechanics in improving volleyball service performance

Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze the role of biomechanics in improving volleyball service performance in Jakarta Pertamina club athletes. Specifically, the study investigates the relationship between biomechanical principles and service effectiveness, as well as identifying key biomechanical factors that contribute to improved service speed and accuracy. Methods: This quantitative study involved 30 volleyball athletes from Pertamina's Jakarta club. Data was collected through video analysis of service movements with high-speed cameras, anthropometric measurements, and service speed and accuracy tests. Biomechanical analysis is performed using special software to measure joint angle, angular velocity, and forces generated during service phases. Statistical analysis uses multiple regression and Pearson correlation tests to determine the relationship between biomechanical variables and service performance. Results: The results showed a significant positive correlation between knee flexion angle (r = 0.78, p < 0.01) and shoulder rotation (r = 0.82, p < 0.01) with service ball speed. Regression analysis revealed that a combination of biomechanical factors, including arm angular velocity, ball release angle, and momentum transfer from foot to arm, contributed by 76% to the variation in serve speed (R² = 0.76, p < 0.001). Improvements in techniques based on biomechanical principles resulted in an average increase in service speed of 15% and accuracy of 22%. Conclusion: This study confirms the important role of biomechanics in improving volleyball service performance. Understanding and applying the principles of biomechanics in training can significantly improve the speed and accuracy of an athlete's serve. These results provide a scientific basis for the development of more effective and personalized training programs for volleyball athletes.