A soft multimodal optoelectronic array interface for multiparametric mapping of heart function in vivo

Multiparametric investigation of cardiac physiology is crucial for the diagnosis and therapy of heart disease. However, no method exists to simultaneously map multiple parameters that govern cardiac (patho)physiology from beating hearts in vivo. Here, we present a cardiac sensing platform that addresses this challenge, functioning with a wireless interface. Advanced fabrication and assembling strategies enable the heterogeneous integration of transparent microelectrodes, light-emitting diodes, photodiodes, and optical filters into a multilayer array structure on soft substrates. The microelectrodes exhibit superior electrochemical performance for measuring electrical potentials and excellent transparency for co-localized fluorescence measurement. The device shows excellent biocompatibility and records the fluorescence of calcium reporter with performance comparable to imaging cameras. Multiparametric in vivo mapping of electrical excitation, calcium dynamics, and their combined effects on cardiac excitation-contraction coupling is demonstrated during normal rhythm, arrhythmia, and treatment. This technology offers potential widespread use in cardiac research to support scientific discoveries and advance clinical life-saving diagnostics and therapies.