Estimating Snow Leopard Population in Lapchi Valley, Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Nepal

Accurate estimations of species abundance are crucial for effectively conserving endangered species. Estimating the population of snow leopards, a cryptic species living in remote and harsh habitats, based on camera trap photos is not easy but can still be useful for baseline estimations. In this study, we used camera traps to estimate the number of snow leopards in Lapchi Valley in Gaurishankar Conservation Area (GCA), Nepal. The study area spanned roughly 280 square kilometers, and for 25 months, we used 26 camera traps (CTs) strategically placed in 16 locations based on potential snow leopard activity. CTs captured a total of 39 snow leopard events. Seven peer observers independently and jointly identified six adults and two sub-adults using fur coloration, spot patterns and unique differences including one individual with an eye abnormality. Two individuals were accompanied by cubs, one of which was later observed with abdominal injuries. We observed seasonal variations in snow leopard activity, with higher occurrences in cold season and absence from May to October. The study area's high snow leopard density and seasonal concentration highlight the importance of Lapchi Valley as a crucial habitat for conservation. In addition, Lapchi Valley connects directly to the Tibetan plateau, so there is a potential for transboundary movement. This research contributes valuable insights for snow leopard conservation strategies, considering the species' elusive nature and the challenges in accurate population estimation.