Estimation of the valorization potential of municipal solid waste under a bioeconomy approach: contribution to the achievement of SDG 11 and 12 in the city of Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the characterization of municipal solid waste (MSW) from the city of Chachapoyas, Peru, exploring its transformation potential and identifying the economic and social challenges to improve its valorization. The research focuses on proposing a bioeconomic model that promotes sustainable waste management aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 11 and 12. Methods: A detailed characterization of MSW was carried out using the "Guide for the Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste" of the Peruvian Ministry of the Environment. Data collection included physical sampling, socioeconomic segmentation and environmental impact assessment. In addition, operational and financial analyses were conducted to evaluate the results of organic and inorganic waste valorization. Originality/Relevance: This research introduces a bioeconomic model adapted to the specific context of the city of Chachapoyas, addressing local challenges such as infrastructure limitations and inefficiencies in waste management. By integrating community participation and innovative technologies, the study provides scalable and sustainable solutions for developing cities. Results: The MSW characterization identified that 41.75% of the waste is organic, with a high potential for composting, while 15.3% corresponds to recyclable inorganic waste. The application of the bioeconomic model allowed for a 50% reduction in waste sent to the landfill and avoided the emission of 4,602 tons of CO2eq in 2023. The model generated combined revenues of US$407,372.30 from organic compost and recycled materials, in addition to supporting the creation of 60 jobs.