Optimization of Colon Tissue Protection in Strangulated Hernias: The Role of Hypothermia

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of localized hypothermia as a tissue-protection strategy in mitigating ischemic and inflammatory damage during colon strangulation. Specifically, this study aimed to assess the impact of hypothermia on colon wall thickness, inflammatory cell infiltration, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in a controlled experimental model using white rats. By comparing outcomes between hypothermia-treated and untreated groups, the research sought to provide insights into the potential of hypothermia as an adjunctive therapy to enhance surgical outcomes and reduce complications associated with strangulated hernias. Methods: This experimental study involved 40 white rats with induced colon strangulation, divided into control (n=20) and hypothermia (n=20) groups. Local hypothermia was applied to the abdominal region at 13°C for 3–6 hours. The study evaluated colon wall thickness, inflammatory infiltrate area, macrophage counts, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) using histological, morphometric, and biochemical methods. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t-test (p < 0.05). Results: Hypothermia significantly reduced colon wall thickness (0.5 ± 0.2 mm vs. 1.2 ± 0.3 mm in the control, p < 0.01), inflammatory infiltrate area (5,000 ± 1,500 µm² vs. 12,000 ± 3,000 µm², p < 0.05), and macrophage counts (50 ± 10 cells vs. 100 ± 20 cells, p < 0.05). Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) decreased by 45.8%, 47.4%, and 56.3%, respectively, in the hypothermia group compared to the control group (p < 0.01 for all). These findings confirm hypothermia's anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective properties. Conclusions: Hypothermia demonstrates significant potential in minimizing ischemic and inflammatory damage in cases of colon strangulation, reducing tissue edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. This approach may improve surgical outcomes and warrants further exploration for integration into clinical practice.