Między prawem do błędu a psychologiczną potrzebą domknięcia poznawczego

The fear of interpretation at school is a result of the fear of error present among students during the lecture. The risk of error is a part of learning. It is one of its pillars. Knowledge and skills do not progress without errors. Therefore, it is important not to punish students for making mistakes but give feedback concerning the mechanism of thinking, especially in the process of interpretation. The fear is a result of the anxiety that contact with literature and its interpretation can change one’s thinking and feelings. Everybody needs to stay in the circle of his or her inner convictions, which is the phenomenon of cognitive closure. Literary work often subverts the stable and coherent view of reality. Thus, when it comes to interpretation, the task of the teacher is, on the one hand, to inspire independent thinking and, on the other hand, to check the need for cognitive closure.