FIRE EVACUATION IN MUSEUMS: DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF EVACUATION DRILLS BASED ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION

The article is devoted to the preparation and conduct of a training evacuation from the Winter Palace. The plan being developed is based on calculations of fire development and evacuation. Based on them, estimates of time parameters are given – the time of blocking and the time of evacuation of building sections, the difference between these indicators is estimated and possible delays in the start of evacuation are estimated. Also, based on calculations, an assessment of possible evacuation routes is given. This previously obtained information is important because museums have a feature expressed in the fact that visitors are not familiar with the layout, are poorly oriented in the building, and are in a special emotional status that does not imply a quick cancellation of intentions to inspect the exhibits. Therefore, an understanding of the available time is required, and personnel training is required to manage the evacuation. The thesis that the staff plays a key role was confirmed during the training evacuation, and other organizational conclusions were made.