Understanding the epidemiology of Malaria: Insights into plant-based prevention and control strategies

Malaria is a serious infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, transmitted primarily through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.In tropical and subtropical regions, malaria remains a significant public health concern, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates globally.In this review, we emphasize epidemiological studies conducted in various countries, with a particular focus on different regions of India.The selection of India for these studies is driven by its vast geographical diversity, varying topographies, and distinct weather patterns.Additionally, India faces challenges such as high genetic diversity of the malaria parasite, insecticide resistance, and the rapid evolution of drug resistance.Due to its complex epidemiological landscape and history, India has emerged as a key region for malaria research.Malaria prevalence is notably higher among pregnant women, leading to adverse outcomes such as premature delivery, abortion, and intrauterine foetal death.To effectively combat malaria, it is essential to consider economic factors alongside preventive measures that have been implemented, while identifying areas that require further improvement.