Soil Fertility Status of Selected Panchayats in Deeh Block of Raebareli District in Uttar Pradesh, India

The present investigation aimed to assess soil fertility across twenty-five villages within group gram panchayats in the Deeh block of Raebareli district, Uttar Pradesh. The study focused on analyzing nutrients status using the nutrient index approach, while also identifying correlations among various soil parameters. The soil fertility assessment in Deeh block, Raebareli, revealed significant variability in pH (5.47–8.46), organic carbon (0.02–1.12%) and available nitrogen (70.25–716.26 kgha-1), indicating moderate soil health. Phosphorus availability was high (mean 77.31 kgha-1), whereas potassium was low (mean 103.48 kgha-1), suggesting nutrient imbalances. Micronutrient deficiencies were noted, particularly for zinc (0.016-2.17 ppm), while copper was sufficient (0.14-2.98) in majority of soils in the study villages. The nutrient index classified nitrogen as medium (1.79), phosphorus as high (2.73), and organic carbon (1.67), potassium (1.19) and Zn (1.46) as low, highlighting the need for targeted soil management. Soil pH showed a significant positive correlation with EC but a strong negative correlation with Fe, indicating reduced iron availability in alkaline soils. Organic carbon had a strong positive correlation with N and P, supporting nutrient retention. Fe had significant negative correlations with pH, EC and K, emphasizing its reduced availability in alkaline, saline, and potassium-rich soils. The study concludes that site-specific soil fertility management and regular soil testing are essential for maintaining soil health and enhancing crop productivity.