Review on, Biosynthesis, Isolation, Analytical Techniques, and Pharmacological Activities of Taxifolin

Taxifolin, commonly known as dihydroquercetin, is a plant constituent that belongs to the flavanonol derivates of flavonoids found in Chinese yew, Chir pine, Silybum marianum, Vigna angularis, Cedrus deodara, Larix sibirica etc. The review explores deeply into the steps that enzymes carry out in the synthesis of taxifolin within plants. It can be isolated and extracted from different food products and parts of the plant through different methods such as Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Extraction Utilizing Microwave Assistance, Soxhlet extraction, Supercritical fluid extraction, Flash chromatography, High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography (HSCCC), etc. This review focuses on various techniques involved in the extraction process and analytical methods related to its identification and characterization. Many analytical methods, including HPLC, UPLC, HPLC-MS, and LC-MS, have made it possible to evaluate taxifolin both qualitatively and quantitatively. The compound exhibits diverse applications, including its utilization for antioxidative, antibacterial, anti-acne, tyrosinase inhibition, anti-toxoplasmosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, antiviral, anti-Alzheimer, hepatoprotective, osteoclastogenesis and cardioprotective effects. This review adds many new insights to our understanding of taxifolin isolation, analysis, and biological activity, which will be helpful for future research.