Geotechnical Analysis and Stabilization of the Jebha Landslide: A Case Study from Morocco's Mediterranean Ring Road

Natural hazards frequency is on the permanent increase due to several human and natural factors. The Rif mountains in northern Morocco particularly the Mediterranean Ring Road is one of the most affected parts by this phenomenon. The region's intricate topography, geology, and disrupted climatic and environmental conditions, compounded by anthropogenic factors, contribute to this vulnerability. The present research delves into a case study of a landslide incident that occurred in 2020 at the western entrance to the Jebha City, causing disruptions on National Road 16 (NR 16), a crucial supply road linking North-West to North-East of Morocco. The study aims to diagnose and comprehend the triggering factors of the event. To achieve this, comprehensive geological and geotechnical approaches are employed, combined by ongoing monitoring through satellite images, then the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) was applied for slope stability assessment. As a result, the detailed analysis reveals the presence of highly weathered carbonate shale formations from the Ghomarides of Aakaili, exhibiting an advanced state of alteration with a geometric configuration conducive to instability. Further studies confirm that instabilities stem primarily from slope reprofiling during NR16 construction in 2012, exacerbated by heavy rainfall and intense seismic activity in the region. The initial modelling slope condition validates these hypotheses. Additionally, modelling the selected stabilization option yields satisfactory results, providing insights into potential strategies for mitigating the impact of natural hazards on critical infrastructure.