Respiratory Diphtheria in a 16-Year-Old Who Developed Multiple Life-Threatening Complications

Diphtheria is a contagious disease with high mortality. Although the global prevalence has been decreasing, the immigration of certain populations with suboptimal vaccination coverage has contributed to its resurgence in developed countries. We report a 16-year-old Afghan male with acute respiratory distress and life-threatening complications, including fulminant myocarditis with cardiac arrhythmias and neurologic complications. This case highlights the significance of optimal vaccination coverage, especially the vaccination status of migrants. This paper serves as a reminder of diphtheria's systemic impact and underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach to respiratory diphtheria management. Vigilant monitoring, prompt immunoglobulin and antibiotic administration, and supportive care all play pivotal roles in enhancing patient outcomes and reducing mortality risks.