Control Research on Active Pitch Control System for Horizontal-Axis Tidal-Current Turbine Generator

Tidal energy, as a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy source, has attracted widespread attention in recent years. The technology of blade active pitch control is the key technology to cope with tidal velocity change and improve the stability and efficiency of horizontal-axis tidal generator sets. When solving the problem of speed variation, the core algorithm is the key to ensuring stable operation and improving the efficiency of power generation. When traditional PID is used to manage complex systems, the controller faces the challenge of complex parameter tuning and insufficient robustness. The application of a particle swarm optimization (PSO)–PID controller and fuzzy PID controller in the independent interval system of tidal generator sets is introduced for the first time in this paper. This paper presents a comparative study of unified pitch control and independent pitch control (using electric pitch control) for a three-rotor tidal generator with a rated capacity of 300 kw and a blade radius of 8.5 m. Simulation was carried out on the MATLAB/Simulink (2023a) platform to evaluate the performance of the two controllers under different flow rates and interference conditions. The results show that the PSO-PID controller has significant advantages in reducing overshoot, speeding up response times, and improving power generation efficiency. At the same time, the PSO-PID controller also shows superior performance in pitch angle adjustment frequency and generator output power and realizes timely and effective system stability control.