Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in India: Strengthening Diagnosis, Support, Training and Research

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a prevalent neuro-developmental disorder marked by inattentiveness, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, affecting children worldwide and often persisting into adulthood. In India, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder prevalence rates align broadly with global figures, but there are significant disparities in diagnosis and treatment due to varying socioeconomic factors and regional differences. This viewpoint highlights the need for enhanced attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and support systems within India, emphasizing the gaps in research, professional training, and healthcare infrastructure. Current data indicate a prevalence range of 1.3% to 28.9%, with regional variations and higher rates among males. Notably, underdiagnosis in females and ethnic minorities persists, exacerbated by cultural and systemic barriers. The Indian mental health framework, including the National Mental Health Policy and Mental Healthcare Act, provides guidance but lacks uniform implementation and quality services. To address these issues, the viewpoint suggests increasing the number of trained mental health professionals, improving school-based support, and culturally adapting interventions. Recommendations include expanding research funding, improving professional training, and developing community-based mental health services. These measures aim to enhance the identification and management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, contributing to the well-being of affected individuals and aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 3 for health by 2030.