Comparison between Fast Track and Traditional Protocols in Total Hip Arthroplasty: Risks and Benefits

Objective This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of the risks and benefits associated with the implementation of the Fast Track Protocol (FTP) versus the traditional recovery protocol in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods An integrative review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Studies published in peer-reviewed journals were retrieved from databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. The inclusion criteria comprised randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and observational studies comparing FTP and traditional recovery protocols in THA. Data on hospital length of stay, readmission rates, patient satisfaction, and complications were extracted. Statistical analysis included mean differences and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Results Meta-analysis findings indicate a significant reduction in hospital length of stay for patients undergoing FTP, with a mean decrease of 1.2 days (95% CI: -1.5, -0.9; p < 0.001). Readmission rates were not significantly different between FTP and traditional recovery protocols (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.27; p = 0.85), confirming the safety of the accelerated discharge process. Patient satisfaction scores improved significantly, with an increase of 0.8 points (95% CI: 0.6, 1.0; p < 0.001), attributed to better pain management, early mobilization, and reduced postoperative complications. Conclusion The Fast Track Protocol in THA offers substantial benefits, including reduced hospital stay duration, maintained patient safety, and improved satisfaction. These findings support the widespread implementation of FTP as an effective and sustainable alternative to traditional recovery protocols. Future research should explore long-term functional outcomes and digital health strategies to enhance postoperative monitoring and patient adherence.