The dynamics of the incidence of mental disorders and behavioral disorders in older children: regional features in the Udmurt Republic

Background. The problem of mental disorders and behavioral disorders around the world has existed for many years, but only in recent decades has it begun to receive more attention, as evidenced by the increasing number of studies devoted to this topic. In order to preserve and strengthen the health of the younger generation, it is necessary to constantly study the incidence of mental disorders and behavioral disorders, due to the impact of many different stress factors on them. Aims — to determine the dynamics of the general and primary incidence of mental disorders and behavioral disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances in the period from 2016 to 2022, and its prognosis in children aged 15–17 years for 2027. Methods. As a statistical source of information, data from the statistical reporting of the Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on general and primary morbidity, and the incidence of mental disorders and behavioral disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances in children aged 15–17 years from 2016 to 2022 were used. Results. The general and primary incidence of mental disorders and behavioral disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances in children aged 15–17 years in all studied regions in the period from 2016 to 2022 is characterized by a decrease. In the Udmurt Republic, the total and primary morbidity from 2016 to 2021 decreased by 27.8 and 25.4%, respectively. From 2021 to 2022, the indicators increased by 22.6 and 38.2%, respectively. According to data for 2022, the total incidence in the Udmurt Republic is 2.0 times higher than in the Russian Federation (RF), 1.9 times in the Volga Federal District (PFD), 1.1 times in the Republic of Bashkortostan, and 1.8 times in the Kirov Region. The primary incidence in the Udmurt Republic is 2.9 times higher than in the Russian Federation, 2.4 times in the Volga Federal District, 2.9 times in the Republic of Bashkortostan and 3.3 times in the Kirov Region. Conclusions. It was found that the overall incidence of mental disorders and behavioral disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances in children aged 15-17 years in the dynamics from 2016 to 2021 in the Udmurt Republic is characterized by a downward trend of 27.8%, and from 2021 to 2022 by an upward trend of 22.6%. And the incidence rate with a diagnosis established for the first time in life in 2022, in comparison with 2016, is characterized by an upward trend of 17.2%. The forecast of the general and primary morbidity of mental disorders and behavioral disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances in children aged 15-17 in the Udmurt Republic for 2027 is less than the indicators of 2022 — by 31.5% (682.7 per 100 thousand children of the corresponding age) and 38.1% (381.7), respectively. In general, we believe that high rates of general and newly identified morbidity of mental disorders and behavioral disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances in the territory of the Udmurt Republic. The decrease in general and primary morbidity in all the studied regions from 2016 to 2020 and its further growth is associated with the epidemiological situation against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a decrease in accessibility and appeal due to epidemic restrictions. High rates and an increase in the general and primary incidence of mental disorders and behavioral disorders in the territory of the Udmurt Republic since 2021 are associated with socio-environmental factors among the young population in the region. It is necessary to further scientifically substantiate their identification in order to develop preventive measures.