Chapter 7 Analytical models

Analytical models can be powerful tools that aid the assessment and quantification of groundwater behaviour in engineering projects. Analytical models are simplified representations of reality that typically take the form of empirical, closed-form mathematical or numerical solutions. A sound conceptual understanding, based on comprehensive observed data, is fundamental to successfully using analytical models to improve understanding and inform engineering design decisions. This chapter includes examples of commonly used analytical models and sets out how to select an appropriate model as part of the development of a considered modelling strategy. It also sets out how to select appropriate boundary conditions and material property inputs, and how to assess the degree of confidence that can be placed on model outputs. Potential limitations and commonly encountered constraints in the use of analytical models are presented, and the effective communication of model results, including residual uncertainty and risk, is discussed.