Tolerance for inequality in Thailand

Over the past two decades, income inequality has increased in most developed countries and in some developing countries. However, how people respond to persistent income inequality remains an unsolved issue along the process of economic growth, especially in the context of developing countries. This study examines this issue within the Thai context, using an analytical framework developed by Hirschman. According to Hirschman’s proposition, individuals disadvantaged by economic development may initially accept growing income inequality if they expect their own situation to improve. Yet, this tolerance typically diminishes if inequality persists in the later stage of economic development. By examining the evolution of income inequality in Thailand from 1960 to 2023, it is expected that tolerance for inequality would have remained high during periods of strong economic growth in the late 20th century. Empirical analysis based on data from the World Values Survey shows that, following the mid-2000s, tolerance for inequality in Thailand declined, and there was a concurrent rise in support for redistributive policies, despite some improvements in income distribution. To mitigate the social discontent caused by persistent income inequality, policymakers should address the declining tolerance for inequality by strengthening social safety nets and promoting inclusive economic growth.