Far-from-equilibrium attractors in kinetic theory with two different relaxation times

We solve a Boltzmann equation for massless quark and gluon fluids in a transversally homogeneous, longitudinally boost-invariant expansion. Quarks can be out of chemical equilibrium and the relaxation times of the two species are assumed to be connected by Casimir scaling. We numerically calculate moments of the distribution functions, identifying their early- and late-time attractors and reconstructing also the full distributions. These attractors appear when the system is still far from local thermalization, before hydrodynamics traditionally would be expected to apply. We also analyze the evolution of entropy production for different initial momentum anisotropies and quark abundances.

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Publication Details

Published
2025-02-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.22323/1.465.0139
Primary Topic
Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Type
article
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article

Far-from-equilibrium attractors in kinetic theory with two different relaxation times

Michael Strickland, Andrea Beraudo, Ferdinando Frascà
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Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
article

Far-from-equilibrium attractors in kinetic theory with two different relaxation times

Michael Strickland, Andrea Beraudo, Ferdinando Frascà
article en

Abstract

We solve a Boltzmann equation for massless quark and gluon fluids in a transversally homogeneous, longitudinally boost-invariant expansion. Quarks can be out of chemical equilibrium and the relaxation times of the two species are assumed to be connected by Casimir scaling. We numerically calculate moments of the distribution functions, identifying their early- and late-time attractors and reconstructing also the full distributions. These attractors appear when the system is still far from local thermalization, before hydrodynamics traditionally would be expected to apply. We also analyze the evolution of entropy production for different initial momentum anisotropies and quark abundances.

Openalex Percentile: Top 98%
Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
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