Internet of things and artificial intelligence in agriculture

This article explores the role of modern technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the development of agriculture. This combination facilitates process automation, increases production efficiency, optimizes resource utilization, and improves product quality. Applications in crop cultivation and livestock farming are discussed, helping farmers make more informed decisions based on real data. The challenges and economic benefits of implementing IoT and AI in agriculture are analyzed, including the need for substantial investments and ensuring cybersecurity across various countries worldwide. Technological advancements in agriculture meet the growing demands for farm automation, economic digitalization, and environmental sustainability. Current industry trends emphasize the transition to precision farming, which allows for more efficient use of time and resources, reduces production costs, and minimizes crop losses. The integration of innovative solutions in agricultural management processes shifts the balance of influence in domestic markets, creating new opportunities for growth. Artificial intelligence technologies significantly enhance efficiency across various sectors, including agriculture, and address many pressing challenges. Agricultural robots designed for AI integration ensure the effective use of this technology in agribusiness. In the context of rapid global population growth, agriculture faces numerous challenges, and the use of AI and IoT can become a key element in overcoming them. Despite high initial costs, which may deter some producers, investments in innovative technologies typically pay off within a few years, demonstrating their economic viability. By utilizing IoT and AI technologies, the agricultural sector can produce more with fewer resources, improve product quality, and accelerate time to market. With IoT sensors, farmers can more accurately calculate the required volumes of water, fertilizers, and pesticides, reducing their consumption. The rational use of energy and natural resources lowers costs and minimizes environmental harm. Continuous monitoring of growing conditions (temperature, humidity, light levels) enhances crop quality and livestock productivity. AI helps predict diseases and implement preventive measures. These technologies prevent crop losses caused by adverse weather conditions, pests, or diseases. Supply chain monitoring ensures better control over product storage and transportation. AI algorithms analyze large volumes of data to forecast yields, determine optimal planting and harvesting times, and provide farmers with precise decision-making recommendations. Precision farming systems reduce dependence on climate variability through accurate data and adaptive management methods. IoT and AI technologies contribute to increased yields and agricultural stability, addressing the challenges posed by global population growth. The implementation of IoT and AI in agriculture not only improves the efficiency and competitiveness of the sector but also creates the foundation for the sustainable development of the agricultural industry. Key words: Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things) concept, innovative technologies.