Scimitar syndrome: unveiling the complexities of a rare congenital cardiopulmonary anomaly

Scimitar syndrome is an extremely rare congenital cardiopulmonary anomaly and diagnostic challenge, with key features of partial or complete anomalous venous drainage of the right lung into the inferior vena cava. It exhibits varying degrees of right lung and pulmonary artery hypoplasia, dextrocardia and abnormal arterial supply to the ipsilateral lung.The adult form of this rare syndrome may remain underdiagnosed for years due to its less severe clinical presentation or incidental findings, such as recurrent pulmonary infections or unexplained dyspnoea.