A Cross-Sectional Study on Toxic Agents, Exposure Routes, and Healthcare Challenges on Pediatric Poisoning in the Al Jouf Region

Background: Pediatric poisoning is a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with limited preventive measures and healthcare infrastructure. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution, causes, and outcomes of pediatric poisoning cases in the Al Jouf region of Saudi Arabia, emphasizing systemic challenges and potential interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, analyzing secondary data from hospital records of children under 18 who presented with acute intoxication at a maternity and children's hospital between January 2015 and December 2021. Data included toxic agents, routes of exposure, clinical presentations, treatments, and outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize findings. Results: Pharmaceutical drugs (41%) and household chemicals (39.4%) were the most common toxic agents, with ingestion being the primary route of exposure (91.7%). Accidental poisoning accounted for 89.3% of cases, underscoring inadequate preventive measures. Treatment documentation was insufficient in 66.7% of cases, with antidotes used in <6%. Outcomes showed that 43% of cases resulted in full recovery, while 57% lacked adequate follow-up data. These findings reveal critical gaps in caregiver education, safe storage practices, and healthcare system efficiency. Conclusion: Pediatric poisoning in the Al Jouf region is primarily due to pharmaceutical drugs and chemicals, reflecting global trends. Systemic healthcare challenges, including inadequate documentation and limited interventions, hinder effective management. Evidence-based preventive measures, caregiver education, and healthcare reforms are essential to reduce poisoning incidents and improve pediatric outcomes.