Carbon Monoxide Detection and Monitoring System in Vehicles Using IoT

Air pollution from vehicle emissions is a growing concern, with Carbon Monoxide (CO) posing significant health risks due to its colorless, odorless, and tasteless nature. In this study, a portable IoT-based system was developed and designed to monitor and detect vehicle CO emissions. The specific objectives were (1) to design a portable testing device that can monitor carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and be applied to vehicle exhaust systems, (2) to analyze the correlation between smoke color and CO content using image processing, and (3) to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the device in detecting gas concentrations. The study's findings indicate that the system accurately measures CO levels and correlates them with exhaust smoke color. The gas sensors, MQ series 7 and 135, demonstrated average error rates of 1.72% and 1.75%, respectively, with a reliability rate of 100% for both sensors. The system achieved an overall accuracy of 90% in detecting smoke color, with a weighted F1 score of 0.9211. Data is processed in real-time using Arduino Nano and Raspberry Pi, providing users with immediate alerts through a mobile application when CO levels exceed safe thresholds. This study underscores the importance of such systems in reducing air pollution and associated health risks, highlighting the role of regular vehicle maintenance in minimizing harmful emissions.