Gain Optimization of 2×4 Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Based on Feed Line Configuration

The antenna is a crucial component used for transmitting and receiving radio waves, playing a significant role in the development of wireless telecommunications. High-gain antennas are essential for systems that require efficient radiation patterns, such as radar, satellite communication systems, and point-to-point wireless connections. Improving the gain of antennas can be achieved through various methods, including antenna array configurations, careful arrangement of feed lines within the antenna array, and the incorporation of meta material structures to focus antenna radiation better. Among these options, optimizing gain using a fixed antenna array is preferred, as it does not necessitate additional layers on the antenna. This study presents designs for 2×4 planar array antenna, featuring four different feed configuration variations: Design-I, Design-2, Design-3, and Design-4. The element spacing in these designs ranges from 0.5λ to 0.9A. The optimal design identified for the 2×4 planar array antenna is Design-4, which achieves a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.15, a return loss of -23 dB, and a maximum gain of 12.4 dBi at a frequency of 2.46 GHz.