Monitoring System for Pico Hydropower Plants on Pelton Turbines Based on the Internet of Things

Manual monitoring and maintenance are needed in pico hydropower plants. The Internet of Things-based monitoring system is very important in helping and facilitating human work in monitoring pico hydropower plants. This study developed a current and voltage monitoring tool for pico hydropower plants based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This system is designed as a remote monitoring solution. This monitoring system has Arduino Uno and NodeMCU installed and includes its program. The ACS712 sensor is an input sensor that can measure the voltage and current values in the pico hydropower plants. The IR Sensor is used to measure the generator rotation speed in RPM units. The YF0s210 water flow sensor measures the water discharge, and Arduino Uno receives the sensor reading results as data. Remote sensor reading is monitored by a web server connecting the internet to the NodeMCU ESP 32 as a data receiver from Arduino to a smartphone. Based on the test results, the monitoring system tool can be accessed using a cellphone/laptop or a web server. Furthermore, the test results obtained the highest voltage value with a variation of the DC lamp load obtained a result of 11.95 V, the highest current value from the variation of the DC lamp load obtained a result of 0.13 A, the highest power value at each load was 1.36 watts, the water discharge was 2 L/s, and the highest generator rotation at each load was 1293 Rpm.