Prevalence of Respiratory Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain and Influence of Musculoskeletal Parameters: A Cross-sectional Observational Study

Abstract Introduction: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent condition globally, often linked to mobility impairments and musculoskeletal dysfunction. Relationship between respiratory dysfunction and CLBP remains unclear. This study investigated prevalence of respiratory dysfunction in CLBP patients and explored its association with musculoskeletal parameters. Method: A cross-sectional design recruited 102 CLBP patients aged 20 to 50 years. Spirometry assessed forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory ratio (FEV1/FVC), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). Respiratory muscle strength was measured through maximum inspiratory pressure (Pimax) and maximum expiratory pressure (Pemax). Musculoskeletal assessment included lumbar range of motion, isometric strength, dynamic endurance of abdominal and extensor muscles, lumbar curve angle, and Oswestry Disability Index. Result: Results showed 26.47% of participants had restrictive respiratory findings, with prevalence rates of 21.73%, 28.00%, and 27.77% across 20-30, 30-40, and 40-50 age groups, respectively. Moderate correlations were found between lumbar flexion and respiratory parameters such as Pimax, Pemax, FVC, and PEF. Isometric abdominal strength and dynamic endurance were significantly associated with respiratory parameters. No associations were found between respiratory parameters and lumbar curve angle or disability scores. Conclusion: The study highlights a notable prevalence of respiratory dysfunction in CLBP patients, suggesting a potential link between respiratory and musculoskeletal impairments. Associations between respiratory parameters and musculoskeletal measures underscore the importance of assessing respiratory function in CLBP patients and integrating respiratory and musculoskeletal interventions in treatment strategies. Comprehensive approaches addressing both systems may offer promising avenues for improving outcomes in individuals with CLBP.