A Study of the Jordanian and Iraqi Positions on Arab Unity Projects: "Greater Syria Project 1939 and Fertile Crescent Project 1942 as Case Studies"

Purpose: This study examines the Jordanian and Iraqi positions on two significant Arab unity projects: the Greater Syria Project of 1939, proposed by Prince Abdullah bin Hussein, and the Fertile Crescent Project of 1942, introduced by Nuri al-Said, the Prime Minister of Iraq. The Hashemite initiative for unification, rooted in nationalist principles and lofty Arab ideals, was intended as a foundational stage for future Arab unity, without the pursuit of a monarchy or throne, as outlined by King Abdullah bin Hussein in his memoirs. Additionally, the study explores the Fertile Crescent Project, which aimed to establish unity among Iraq, Syria, eastern Jordan, Lebanon, and Palestine. Methodology: The paper elucidates the Arab and international reactions that led to the rejection of both projects, focusing on the positions of various Arab and foreign countries. Findings: On the Arab front, the projects faced substantial opposition from ruling leaderships, who prioritized personal interests over collective Arab welfare. Internationally, the projects were opposed to prevent the formation of a potent and cohesive Arab unity, thereby maintaining external control over the resources and wealth of the Arab states. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Arab leaders' personal interests and the strategic ambitions of colonial powers like Britain, France, and the United States converged to prevent the establishment of a unified and potent Arab entity. These projects, although visionary in their pursuit of Arab unity, ultimately fell victim to the complex interplay of internal rivalries and external geopolitical interests that have long shaped the Middle Eastern political landscape.