Exosomes in Glioma

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that carry proteins, lipids, nucleic acid, and glycoconjugates from the secreted cells and play a crucial role in cell-to-cell interactions. Exosomes contribute to diverse physiologic processes and diseases through signaling mechanisms, including development, homeostasis, immune system regulation, tumor progression, and neurodegeneration. Exosomes can influence glioma cell stemness and angiogenesis, potentially inducing tumor proliferation and malignancy in surrounding normal cells by transporting pro-migratory factors, and other cancer-associated modifiers. This review explores biogenesis and the role of exosomes in glioma pathogenesis, their potential in non-invasive diagnostics, and their applications in treatment strategies.