Insect vocabulary reflecting effects on objects of the surrounding world: lexical interpretation

This article is devoted to the component and comparative analysis of the semes of vocabulary denoting insects, which contains a differential feature of the aspect of insect impact on objects of the surrounding world in Russian and Chinese. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the vocabulary denoting insects in Russian and Chinese, containing a differential feature of the aspect of insect impact on objects of the surrounding world. The subject of this article is the vocabulary that designates insects and reflects their impact on objects in the world around them in Russian and Chinese. The object of the study is 28 lexemes that indicate a differential feature of the aspect of insect impact on objects of the surrounding world in Russian and 42 lexemes in Chinese, which were selected in dictionaries. The following methods are used in this study: classification, semantic analysis, component analysis and comparative analysis. This aspect of vocabulary related to insects has not been studied. The analysis revealed differential semes in the differential features of the aspect "insect impact on objects of the surrounding world" in Russian and Chinese, as well as differences and similarities in the representation of these features in the two languages. The article notes that in Russian, 20.58% of lexemes refer to the general characteristics of insect exposure to someone and something, while in Chinese this figure reaches 46.15% (in accordance with the selected corpus of entomonyms).It was found that in the Russian language, the lexemes and the effects of insects on objects in the surrounding world are mostly characterized in a negative way. The definitions focus on the harmful nature of the effects of insects on flora, including agriculture, fauna and humans, as well as on human household items. In Russian cases, there is a beneficial effect of insects on objects of the surrounding world. In Chinese, insects are also divided into harmful and beneficial, depending on their role in the ecosystem. In their definitions, a clear juxtaposition of beneficial and harmful insects is carried out, the different nature of the impact of insects on the ecosystem during their metamorphosis and depending on external conditions is recorded.