Insights into Operating Conditions on Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

Abstract Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction (CO 2 RR) is rapidly emerging as a promising sustainable strategy for transforming CO 2 into valuable fuels and chemical feedstocks, a crucial step toward a carbon‐neutral society. The efficiency, selectivity, and stability of CO 2 RR are heavily influenced by the chosen catalyst and the operating conditions used. Despite substantial advances in the development of catalysts, there is a scarcity of comprehensive reviews focusing on the influence of different operating environments on CO 2 RR performance. This review offers a detailed examination of internal and external environmental control strategies designed to enhance CO 2 RR efficiency. The fundamental reaction mechanisms through in situ and operational techniques, paired with theoretical analyses, are discussed while also identifying key challenges and future research directions in CO 2 RR technology. By delivering a comprehensive overview of the current state of the field, this review highlights the critical role of environmental control, mechanistic insights, and practical considerations needed for the successful commercialization of CO 2 RR technology.