Evaluation of Green Manures as a Tool for Sustainable Management of Andean Soils: Incidence on Spontaneous Plants and Biomass Contribution

Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of green manures (Oats and vetch association) as a sustainable soil management tool by analyzing spontaneous plant control and biomass contribution under different planting densities in Andean soils. Method: The study employed a randomized complete block design with four treatments (control, 80 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha, 120 kg/ha) and five replications at Tunshi Experimental Station. Measurements included spontaneous plant diversity using Simpson and Shannon indices, and biomass contribution through fresh and dry weight assessment. Results and Discussion: The 120 kg/ha treatment proved most effective, demonstrating higher dominance over spontaneous plants (Simpson index 0.60) and superior biomass production (1.88 kg/ha fresh, 0.60 kg/ha dry biomass). Statistical analysis (ANOVA, p < 0.05) confirmed significant differences between treatments, with T3 showing optimal performance in both weed suppression and biomass contribution. Research Implications: Limited by specific regional focus (inter-Andean climate), single growing season evaluation, and restricted soil type analysis. The study guides sustainable agricultural practices in Andean regions, particularly benefiting small-scale farmers through reduced chemical input dependency. Originality/Value: Provides empirical evidence for optimal green manure planting densities in Andean soils, addressing the critical issue of soil degradation affecting 47% of Ecuador's agricultural land. The findings offer practical solutions for sustainable soil management in the inter-Andean region.