Substantive and Procedural Methods to Regulate the Risks and Side Effects of Healthcare AI

As advances in artificial intelligence (AI) research and development edge closer to achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), concerns about the risks and side effects of healthcare AI are growing. In response to these concerns, this study reviews the regulatory measures proposed in the lead article for this volume, which are categorized into substantive and procedural approaches to AI regulation. Special attention is given to the verification entities described in the procedural approach to critically assess their role in mitigating the risks or unintended consequences of healthcare AI.