Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis of PM Surya Ghar - Muft Bijli Yojana in Jammu & Kashmir, India: A GIS-Based and Financial Modeling Approach

The PM Surya Ghar - Muft Bijli Yojana is an ambitious initiative by the Government of India to promote rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems for residential consumers, offering subsidized installations and free electricity up to 300 units per month. Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), despite having vast solar energy potential, faces energy deficits, high dependence on power imports, and financial stress on its DISCOMs. This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of this scheme in J&K through GIS-based solar resource assessment, financial modeling, and policy analysis. A detailed GIS-based solar potential analysis was conducted for major districts of J&K to assess solar irradiance availability. The economic feasibility was analyzed using Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), Payback Period (PBP), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) models under different subsidy scenarios. The study also examines the policy landscape, highlighting challenges such as net metering implementation, grid integration issues, and financial constraints for consumers. Key findings indicate that rooftop solar adoption under this scheme is financially viable, with an estimated payback period of 5-6 years and an IRR exceeding 12%, making it an attractive investment. However, policy interventions such as simplified net metering processes, soft loan availability, and DISCOM incentives are essential for large-scale adoption. The study provides actionable recommendations for enhancing rooftop solar adoption in J&K, including PPP models, innovative financing mechanisms, and infrastructure upgrades to facilitate seamless grid integration. This research serves as a strategic roadmap for sustainable energy transition in Jammu & Kashmir, ensuring energy security and economic benefits for residents.