Hydrogen Purity: Influence of Production Methods, Purification Techniques, and Analytical Approaches

Hydrogen purity plays a crucial role in the expanding hydrogen economy, particularly in applications such as fuel cells and industrial processes. This review investigates the relationship between hydrogen production methods and resulting purity levels, emphasizing the differences between reforming, electrolysis, and biomass-based techniques. Furthermore, it explores state-of-the-art purification technologies, including pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane separation, and cryogenic distillation, highlighting their effectiveness and limitations in achieving ultra-pure hydrogen. Analytical methods such as gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and cavity ring-down spectroscopy are also discussed in terms of their accuracy and application scope for hydrogen quality assessment. By integrating findings from global and domestic studies, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and advancements in hydrogen purity, offering insights into optimizing hydrogen for a sustainable energy future.