Synthesis and Characterization of Biomass Derived Modified Lignin Based PVA Hydrogel as Drug Delivery System for Ciprofloxacin

Abstract In the present study, a newly extracted lignin‐based hydrogel has been explored for the release of ciprofloxacin as an effective drug delivery system. The modified extracted lignin hydrogel was prepared and the Ciprofloxacin drug was used to examine the loading and release capabilities of hydrogel. The hydrogel was characterized by FT‐IR, TGA‐DTG, and SEM analysis as well as swelling ratio and mechanical test. The outcomes demonstrated that the hydrogel that was made shows high mechanical strength (elongation 442.85%), swelling ratio, effectively contained and released the ciprofloxacin. The developed hydrogel encapsulation effectiveness of CP was seen to rise as the drug concentration increased, reaching around 81.3 ± 4.1% at 500 µg/mL of CP. A release analysis conducted in vitro in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) demonstrated a consistent increase in the cumulative drug release, with the greatest release quantity reaching around 88.2 ± 3.2% after 10 h. As compared to hydrogel containing a lower quantity of drug (0.07 ± 0.06%), the hydrogel with high drug loading efficiency (0.78 ± 0.08%) showed a rapid and greater release rate. The CP‐loaded hydrogel exhibits antibacterial activity towards S. aureus , B. subtilis, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa . The sustained release of ciprofloxacin from the modified lignin‐based hydrogel identifies them as a viable option for designing drug delivery systems.