Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Morocco Revealed by Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism Markers

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is one of the most expensive spices in the world. Saffron, prized for its vibrant color, aroma, and taste, is essential in the food industry and traditional medicine. Its culinary uses, therapeutic benefits, and potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties highlight its significant importance. Its genetic diversity has significant implications for cultivation and quality. In this study, genetic diversity among 76 saffron accessions, collected from 13 localities of Taliouin region of Morocco, were evaluated using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. A total of 63 polymorphic fragments were produced with an average of total number and polymorphic bands per primer were of 10.5 and 10.16, respectively. Most of the variations among the localities, revealed by the Analysis of Molecular Variance, originated from the within accessions differentiation (81%; p < 0.010). Cluster Analysis, Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), and population structure confirmed the main groups and corroborated genetic homogeneity across accessions. In fact, close relationships were revealed between accessions from different locations, showing that there was no relationship between genetic divergence and geographical locality. This investigation represents a pivotal advance towards fostering sustainable development and bolstering the economic empowerment of the saffron farming communities in Morocco.