Optimizing Routing Protocols for Energy Efficiency in Large-Scale WSN-IoT Deployments*

In this paper, energy optimal routing protocols used in large scale WSN with internet integration are discussed in detail. Given the fast growth of IoT, the efficient management of energy in WSN has implied improved lifecycles and sustainable use of WSN. Generally, IoT uses WSNs in which the network consists of large numbers of sensor nodes that need to be low power. Hence, when defining routing protocols that may help in control and even reduction of power usage from the network, then ensuring high data reliability in the network must be given uttermost priority. The contributions of this work are as follows: Provides a thorough review of different types of routing protocols Reviews the protocols’ energy efficiency levels and their evolving best practices Reveals areas where prior work may have limitations for usage with large-scale implementations. Some of our contributions to the field are as follows These areas are represented by a comprehensive assessment of the existing standard and the development of new approaches that integrate adaptive procedures, data accumulation methods, and effective communication structures to increase energy-use efficiency in WSN-IoT systems.