An Efficient Data Collection using Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are an innovative technology that can be used in critical situations such as battlefields as well as commercial applications including buildings, traffic monitoring, smart homes, habitat monitoring, and more. A wireless sensor network (WSN) comprises small nodes capable of wireless sensing, processing, and communication. One of the most pressing concerns plaguing WSNs today is security. This paper suggests and investigates an energy-efficient cluster head (CH) selection approach using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) (called WOA-Clustering (WOA-C)) and the Geographic and Energy Aware Routing Algorithm (GEAR). As a result, the suggested method simplifies the decision-making process of energy-aware CHs by utilizing the fitness function that assesses node residual energy and the total energy of neighbouring nodes. Compared to the GWO-C, GABEEC, and PSOMSB protocols, the proposed WOA-GEAR protocol consumes 28%, 22%, and 7.5% less power. The suggested algorithm's network lifetime, power efficiency, buffer occupancy, throughput, and end-to-end latency were evaluated.