The feature of the relationship between vitamin d and anemia in pregnant women

Anemia, characterized by low levels of hemoglobin or red blood cells, is a significant global health issue, particularly among pregnant women, due to its severe negative consequences. Recent studies highlight a potential association between anemia and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels; however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. Aim - to establish a causal relationship between 25(OH)D levels and the risk of anemia in the first trimester of pregnancy. Materials and methods. From January to September 2024, a study was conducted to analyze serum 25(OH)D levels in 135 pregnant women in their first trimester. The study was performed at the Women's Consultation Department of the "Kyiv Perinatal Center" municipal non-commercial enterprise. Based on serum 25(OH)D concentrations, the participants were divided into three groups: the Group I - 77 pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency and anemia; the Group II - 27 pregnant women with vitamin D insufficiency and anemia; the Control group - 30 pregnant women with optimal vitamin D levels and no anemia. A retrospective analysis included data on age, seasonality, anthropometric parameters, somatic and gynecological conditions, reproductive history, and the course and outcomes of both previous and current pregnancies. Results. The study identified seasonal patterns of vitamin D deficiency and anemia, with the highest risk occurring from mid-winter to spring. The Group I demonstrated significantly increased risks of obstetric complications such as placental abruption, preterm birth, preeclampsia, severe postpartum hemorrhage, and fetal growth restriction. Additionally, thyroid disorders, liver-related digestive issues, and urinary system diseases were more frequently observed in this group. Conclusions. This study confirms a causal relationship between higher 25(OH)D levels and reduced anemia incidence. The findings emphasize the importance of vitamin D in preventing anemia among pregnant women and highlight the need for further research into the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation as a strategy for reducing anemia risk. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.