Double trouble during pacemaker insertion in a young postoperative patient

Patients with congenital cardiac abnormalities occupy a very small proportion of patients requiring permanent pacemaker implantation. These patients can range from patients with anomalies that do not cause any obvious symptoms or signs and therefore may go completely undiagnosed, to patients with obvious structural cardiac disease, some of which requires corrective cardiac surgery. The first group includes patients with dextrocardia, patent foramen ovale, and persistent left-sided superior vena cava (PLSVC); and the second group includes patients with corrected transposition of great arteries, atrioventricular septal defects, double inlet left ventricle, and patients undergoing surgical correction of ventricular septal defect closure, sub-aortic membrane resection, atrioventricular septal defects repair, atrial switch operations, and Glenn or Fontan surgery.