Closing the loop at the local scale: Investigating the drivers of and barriers to the implementation of the circular economy in cities and regions

Transitioning to a circular economy (CE) at the local level is important for addressing the strain on natural resources caused by population growth and climate change. This study aims to investigate the factors that influence or impede the adoption of CE practices in French cities and regions. To achieve this goal, 47 interviews were conducted with practitioners from local authorities to identify the key elements that facilitate or hinder the implementation of CE. The findings highlight the crucial role of local authorities in enabling the transition to a CE, with critical support from political endorsement, strategic foresight, and effective leadership. However, obstacles such as organizational inertia, financial constraints, and a limited understanding of a CE present challenges to a CE's broader adoption. The study also emphasizes the critical role of partnerships and collaborative networks in overcoming these barriers and promoting the advancement of CE initiatives.